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This created a demonstration effect for others to learn from. Targeted the low-hanging fruit first - the districts with the highest sanitation coverage - to become ODF on priority.By providing flexibility to states and implementers by design, the mission allowed them to tailor solutions to local contexts.Scalability – devised solutions which are easy to implement, like the on-site twin-pit toilet systems for rural India, as opposed to expensive networked sanitation solutions.
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People’ participation – SBM-G trained over half a million swachhagrahis, who triggered behaviour change in every village in India.Partnerships – SBM (G) partnered with implementers and influencers - national and international development agencies, media houses, civil society, celebrities, as well as all departments/ministries of the government of India.About 90% of the 10 crore households which received toilets were from socially and economically weaker sections of society and they received financial incentives to build and use toilets. Public financing – Over Rs 1 lakh crore was committed to ensuring universal access to sanitation, thereby backing the political will with budgetary support.Leaders at all levels are prime catalysts for large-scale transformations. Political leadership – Inspired by the top leadership and commitment, various chief ministers took up the cause.These may be applied to any large-scale transformation in the world.In the last five years, India has transformed from being the highest contributor to global open defecation to torch-bearer for global sanitation. This will also take care of certain key issues students have to cover in respective GS papers. This will cover a key issue that came in the news and for which students must pay attention. Op-ed of the day is the most important editorial of the day. From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :